Friday, 23 October 2015

Second year physics and chemistry important questions

HAYATH’S ACADEMY

(Turning potential into performance)

   H.NO:17-1-81/C, Santosh nagar colony, Saidabad,     Hyderabad, Telangana, India 50005

 Contact No. 9700413618,9032584808,9700220493
                
 PHYSICS SECOND YEAR  IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

SECTION-C

QUESTION NUMBER 19

WAVES AND RAY OPTICS AND  OPTICAL INSTRUMENT (8 MARKS)
1. Explain the formation of stationary wave in stretched strings and hence deduce the law of   transverse wave in stretched string?
2. Explain the formation of stationary wave in an air column enclosed in open pipe. Drive the equations for the frequencies of the harmonics produced?                                                                                                                                  
3.Explain the formation of stationary wave in an air column enclosed in closed  pipe. Drive the equations for the frequencies of the harmonics produced?                                                                                                                                  
4. What is Doppler Effect? Obtain an expression for the apparent frequency of sound heard when the source is in motion with respect to an observer at rest?                                                                                                                            
5. What is Doppler’s shift? Obtain an expression of the apparent frequency of sound heard when the observer is in motion with respect to a source at rest?                                                                                                                             
6. a)Define Snell’s law, using a neat labelling diagram derive an expression for the refractive index of the material of the equilateral prism ?                                                                                                                                                            
b) A ray of light, after passing through the medium, meets the surface separating the medium from air at an angle of 450 and is not just refracted. What is the refractive index of the medium? 
7. Draw a neat labeled diagram of a compound microscope and explain its working . Derive an expression for its magnification. 
8. Obtain an expression for the combination focal length for two thin convex lenses kept in contact and hence obtain the expression for the combined power of the combination of the lenses?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   


QUESTION NUMBER 20

CURRENT ELECTRICITY AND MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM (8 MARKS)
9. Obtain the expression for the torque on a current carrying loop placed in a uniform magnetic field, Describe the construction working of a moving coil galvanometer?                                           
10. Deduce an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor placed on the magnetic field.Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two parallel current carrying conductors.                                                                                                                                            
11.  Derive an expression for the force per unit length between two parallel current carrying conductor and hence define Ampere. 
12. State Kirchhoff’s laws for electrical network. Using these laws deduce the condition for balancing in a Wheatstone bridge?                                                                                                                                            
13. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram. How the emf of two primary cells are compared by using the potentiometer?                                                                             
14. State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the of circuit diagram how the potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of the given primary cell? 
QUESTION NUMBER 21

ATOMS AND NUCLEI  (8 MARKS)
15. Describe the Davisson and germen experiment what did this experiment conclusively prove?                                                                                                                                                   
16. Discuss Bohr’s theory of spectrum of hydrogen atom?                                                                                          
17. State postulates of Bohr’s theory of atomic spectra. Hence obtain the expression for the radius of orbit and energy of orbital energy electron in hydrogen atom?                                                                                                             
18.  Explain the principal and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram?                                             
19.  What is radioactivity? State the law of radioactive decay. Show that radioactive decay is exponential in nature?                                                                                                                           
20. Define mass defect and binding energy. How does binding energy per nucleon vary with mass number? What is its significance                                                                                      
21. Explain the source of stellar energy.Explain carbon nitrogen cycle,Proton-proton cycle occurring in stars                                                                                                                                     
22. What is rectifier? Explain the working of half wave and full wave rectifiers with diagram?

SECTION-B
                                                          
                                                                QUESTION NUMBER 11

RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS (4M)
1. Define critical angle. Explain total internal reflection using a neat diagram?                                                       
2.With a neat labelled diagram explain the formation of image in a simple microscope?                    
3. Explain the formation of a rainbow                 4. Explain the formation of mirage                         
5. Why does the setting sun appears red  

                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 12

WAVE OPTICS (4M)
1. Explain Doppler Effect in light. Distinguish between red shift and blue shift?                                 
2. Does the principle of conservation energy holds for interference and diffraction phenomenon                                                  
3. Derive the expression for the intensity at a point where interference of light occurs. Arrive at conditions for maximum and zero intensity?                                                                                                     
4.  What is total internal reflection? Explain the phenomenon using Huygens principle?
5.   
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 13
ELECTRICAL CHARGES AND FIELDS [4M]
1. Derive an expression for the intensity of electric field at a point on the axial line of a dipole?                         
2.  Derive an equation for the electric potential couple acting on an electric dipole in a uniform
electric field?                                                                                                                                                                   
3.  Derive an expression for the intensity of the electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole?                                                                                                                                                   
4.  State and explain Coulomb’s inverse square law in electricity?                                                          
5.  Derive an expression for the electric potential due to point charge?                                                           
QUESTION NUMBER 14

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE.
1. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor?                                                             
2. Derive an expression for the electric potential due to point charge.
3. Explain the behaviour of dielectric in an external field.

CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1 . State Kirchhoff’s laws for electrical network. Using these laws deduce the condition for balancing in a Wheatstone bridge?                                                                                                                                             
2.  State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the help of circuit diagram. How the emf of two primary cells are compared by using the potentiometer?                                                                              
3.  State the working principle of potentiometer explain with the of circuit diagram how the potentiometer is used to determine the internal resistance of the given primary cell?
4. Three resistors each of resistance 10  are connected in turn to obtain (i) Minimum resistance (ii) Maximum resistance
                                                             
                                                                                      QUESTION NUMBER 15

MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
1.  State and explain Biot-Savart law?                                                                                                                
2.  Derive an expression for the magnetic induction at the centre of a current carrying circular coil using Biot-Savart law?                                                                                                                                                  
3. What are the basic component of cyclotron? Mention it uses? 
QUESTION NUMBER 16

MAGNETISM AND MATTER
1. Derive an expression for the axial field of a solenoid of radius “r”, containing “n” turns per unit length and carrying current “i”?                                                                                                                              
2. How do you distinguish between dia,para ferromagnetism in matter.

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

1.Obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial solenoids?    
2. Obtain an expression for the emf induced across a conductor which is moved in a uniform magnetic field which is perpendicular to plane of motion.
3. Describe the ways in which eddy currents used to advantages.                                            

QUESTION NUMBER 17

NUCLEI
1. Write a short note on the discovery of neutron?                                                                             
2. What are the properties of a neutron?                                                                                             
3. Define half-life period and decay constant for a radioactive substance?                                                                  
4. Define average life of a radioactive substance. Obtain the relation between decay constant and average life.                                                                                                                                                       
5. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion?                                                                    
QUESTION NUMBER 18
SEMI CONDUCTOR
1. Describe how a semiconductor diode is used as a half wave rectifier?                                                          
2. What is rectification? Explain the working of a full wave rectifier?                                                     
3. Distinguish between zener break down and avalanche breakdown?                                                           
4. Distinguish between half wave and full wave rectifiers?                                                        
5. What are the limitations of Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom?

VSAQ
Chapter No:    2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16    (All Answers)


    HAYATH’S 
          ACADEMY       
(Turning potential into performance)
        H.NO:17-1-81/C, Santosh nagar colony, Saidabad,  Hyderabad, Telangana, India 500059
                                   Contact No. 9700413618,9032584808,9700220493
                 CHEMISTRY SECOND YEAR  IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chapters name in question paper pattern.
Section- A
1) Solutions.                                                                6) d and f block elements.
2) Electrochemistry.                                                    7) Polymers
3) General principles of metallurgy.                           8) Bio molecules.
4) Group – 15.                                                             9) Chemistry in everyday life.
5) Group – 16.                                                             10) Organic chemistry.
Section – B
11) Solid State.
12) Solutions.
13) Surface chemistry.
14) General principles of metallurgy.
15) d and f block elements.
16) Polymers.
17) Bio molecules.
18) Organic chemistry.
Section – C
19) Electrochemistry.
20) P- block elements.
21)  Organic chemistry.
  SECTION-C
                                                              QUESTION NUMBER 19
ELECTRO CHEMISTRY(2  4M = 8M)
1. State and explain Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions
2. What are galvanic cells? Explain the working of a galvanic cell with a neat sketch taking Daniel cell as example
3. What is Electrolysis? Give faraday’s first law of electrolysis?
4. What are primary and secondary batteries? Give one example for each
5. What is metallic corrosion? Explain it with respect to iron corrosion
6. Define and explain order of a reaction. How is it determined experimentally?
7.What is molecularity of a reaction? How is it different from the order of a reaction? Name one bimolecular and one trimolecular gaseous reaction
8. Describe the salient features of the collision theory of a reaction rates of  bimolecular reactions.
9. A solution of Cu  is electrolyse for 10 minutes and the current required is 1.5 amperes. Determine the mass of the copper.
10. Explain the following terms with suitable examples
(a) Average kinetic energy     (b) Slow and fast reaction   (c) Order of a reaction
(d) Molecularity of a reaction  (e) Activation energy of a reaction
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 20
P- BLOCK ELEMENTS (8 MARKS)
Group 15 Elements
1. How is ammonia manufactured by Haber’s process? Explain the reactions of ammonia with                        (a) Zn     (b) Cu     (c) Ag
2. How is nitric acid manufactured by Ostwald’s process? Explain the reactions of nitric with
Group 17 Elements
1. How is Chlorine prepared in the lab? How does it reacts (a)Iron (b)Hot Con. (c)Acidified Fe  (d)Iodine (e)   (f)N  

2. How is Chlorine prepared by electrolytic method? Explain the reaction with NaoH and N  under different conditions.
3. How is  prepared? How does it reacts with water? Explain it’s structure.
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 21
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY(8 MARKS)
1. With a suitable example write equations for the following
(i) Kolbe’s reaction    (ii) Reimer- Teimann reaction    (iii) Williamsons ether synthesis.
2. Write the equation for the preparation of phenol using benzene , Conc.   and NaOH.
3. Describe the following (a) Acetylation  (b) Cannizaro reaction  (c) Crossed aldol condensation
(d) Decarboxylation
4. Explain the following named reaction (a) Sandmeyer reaction (b) Gatterman reaction.
5. Explain the acidic nature of phenol and compare with that of alcohol.
SECTION-B
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 11
SOLID STATE(4M)
1. Derive Bragg’s equation?
2. Write a short notes on (a) Schottky defect   (b) Frenkel defect
3. Describe the two main types of semiconductors and contrast their conduction mechanism.
4. Explain why ionic solids are hard and brittle.
5. Calculate the efficiency of packing in case of (i) FCC  (ii) BCC
6. Write a short notes on (a) Interstitial sites (b) f- centers
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 12
SOLUTIONS(4M)
1. State Raoults law? Calculate the vapour pressure of a solution containing 9g of glucose in 162g of water at 293k the vapour pressure of water at 293k is 17.535mm Hg?

2. Define mole fraction. A solution of sucrose in water is labeled as 20% w/w. What would be the mole fraction of each component in a solution.
3. State and explain Raoult’s law.
4. What is an ideal solution give an example.
5. A solution of glucose in water is labeled as 10% w/w. What would be the molarity of  the solution.
6. What is colligative property. Give three examples.
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 13
SURFACE CHEMISTRY(4M)
1. What is catalysis? How is catalysis classified? Give two examples for each type of catalysis?
2. What are the different types of adsorption? Give any four difference between characteristics of different types.
3. What is an emulsion? Explain the classification of emulsion with an example.
4. Name the dispersed phase and dispersion medium in the following colloid systems (i) fog (ii) smoke (iii) milk (iv) cloud (v) blood (vi) gold solution.
5. What are colloidal solutions? How are they classified? Give example.
6. How are colloids classified on the basis of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium   
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 14
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY(4M)
1. Explain the purification of forth floatation process.
2. Write down the chemical reaction taking place in the extraction of zinc and zinc blende?
3. Giving examples to differentiate roasting and calcination?
4. Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods (a) Poling (b) Zone refining               (c) Electrolytic refining (d) Vapour phase refining ?
5. Write down the chemical reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron.
                                                  

QUESTION NUMBER (Save side )
P- BLOCK ELEMENTS (4 MARKS)
Group 16 Elements
1.  Explain in details the manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process.
2. How is ozone prepared? How does it react with the following PbS, KI, Hg ,Ag, ,  ?
3. Describe the structure of  and .
4. How does  reacts with the following
(a)    (b)    (c)  ions   (d)
Group 17 Elements
1. Write balance equation for the following
(a) NaCl is heated with conc.  in the presence of Mn .
(b) Chlorine is passed into a solution of NaI in water.
2. What are inter halogen compounds? Give some example to illustrate the definition how are they classified?
Group 18 Elements
1. How are Xe  and XeO  prepared?
2. How are Xe  and  Xe  prepared? Give their structure
3. Explain  the structures of (a) Xe  (b) Xeo ?
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 15
d and f block elements and co-ordination compound
1. Explain Werner’s theory of coordination compounds with suitable example?
2. Write the characteristic properties of transition elements.
3. What is lanthanoid contraction? What are the consequences of lanthanoid contraction
4. Using IUPAC names write the systematic names of the following
,  [ Cl ,  [N  C ]Cl , and
5. Give the geometrical shapes of the following complex entities?
,  [Ni ( ],    and 
6. Give the oxidation numbers of the central atom metal in the following complex entities?
[Ni(C )], ,]  
7. Using IUPAC write the formula for the following
(i) Tetra hydroxozincate(II)                            (ii) Hexa ammine cobalt(III) sulphate
(iii) Potassium tetra choloropalladate(II)       (iv) Potassium tri (oxalate) chromate
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 16
POLYMERS (4 MARKS)
1. What is polymerization? Give an example of polymerization reaction.
2.What are synthetic rubbers? Explain the preparation and uses of (i) Neoprene (ii) Buna-N                        (iii) Buna-s
3. Write the names and structures of the monomers used for getting the following polymers (a)polyvinyl chloride (b)Teflon (c)Bakelite (d)polystyrene?
4. Write the names and structures of the  monomers of the following polymers (a)Buna-s (b)Buna-N (c) Dacron  (d)Neoprene?
5. Write the names and structures of polymers used for getting the following polymers (i) Teflon                (ii) Bakelite
6. Explain the structures difference between natural rubber and synthetic rubber?
7. Write a short note on sucrose?
8. Write short notes on (a) Analgesics and (b) Food preservatives.                         
                                                            QUESTION NUMBER 17
BIO-MOLECULES (4 MARKS)
1. Give the sources of the following vitamins and name the diseases caused by their deficiency
(a)A   (b)D  (c) E and (d)K?
2. What are enzymes? Give examples?
3. Write short notes on the functions of different harmones in the body.
4. Write short notes on vitamins.
5. What are harmones? Give one example for each.
(i) Steroid harmones  (ii)Poly peptide harmones and (iii) Amino acid derivatives.
QUESTION NUMBER 18
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY(4 MARKS)
1. Explain  and  reactions.
2. Explain the following named reaction (a) Sandmeyer reaction (b) Gatterman reaction.
3. Explain the acidic nature of phenol and compare with that of alcohol.
4. How do you prepare ethyl cyanide and ethyl iso cyanide from common alkylhalide.
5.Write notes on the following (i)Artificial sweetening agents (ii) Food preservatives (iii)Antioxidants in food.
6.Write notes on the following(i) Soap (ii) Synthetic detergents
7.Define the following reaction (i) Racemic mixture (ii) Retention of configuration (iii) Enantiomers
8.What happens when (i)n-butyl chloride is treated with alc. KOH (ii) Bromo benzene is treated with Mg in presence of dry ether (iii) Methyl bromide is treated with sodium in presence of dry ether.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS)
1.What makes a glass different from quartz.
2.What is Schottky defect.               3.What is Frenkel defect.                    4.State Raoult’s law.
5.State Henry’s law.                         6.Define osmotic pressure.
7.What are Isotonic solutions.         8.What is galvanic cell or a voltaic cell give one example.
9.What is gibbs energy(G) related to the cell emf (E) mathematically/
10.Define the speed or rate of a reaction.
11.Write the equation useful to calculate half life (t1/2) value for zero and first order reaction.
12.What is the difference between physisorption and chemisorptions.
13.Name the dispersed phase and dispersion medium in the following colloidal system (i)fog (ii)Smoke (iii)Milk
14.What are Miscelles? Give one example       15.What is dialysis? How is dialysis can be made fast.
16.What is Tyndall effect.      17.What is Brownian effect or moment.             18.What is coagulation.
19.What is an emulsion? Give two examples.
20.How emulsion are classified? Give one example for each type of emulsion.
21.Explain poling.          22.Give the composition of the following alloys Brass,Bronze and german silver.
23.Explain the term Gangue and slang.
24.Write any two ores with formulae of the following metals Aluminium,Zinc,Iron,Copper.
25.What is matte? Give its composition?                       26.What is blister copper? Why is it so called?
27.What is flux? Give an example?
28.Give two uses of each of the following metals Zinc, Copper, Iron and Aluminium?
29.Nitrogen molecule is highly stable why?                  30.What is inert pair effect?
31.N  forms hydrogen bonds but P  does not Why?
32.What is tailing of mercury? How is it removed?
33.Between  and  ozone is a better oxidizing agent why
34.Write any two uses each for  &                           35.How is Xe  prepared.                                          
36. How is XeO prepared? Describe its molecular shape.
37. Scandium is a transition element? But Zinc is not why?
38. Though Sc is a transition element it does not exhibit variable oxidation state why?
39. Why Zn2+    is diamagnetic where as mn2+   is paramagnetic?
40. Aqueous Cu2+ ions are blue in color where as aqueous zn2+ ions are colorless? Why?
41. Why is an alloys? Give example?
42. What is lanthanoid contraction?
43. What is mischmetall? Give its compoistin and uses?
44. What is actinoid contraction?
45. What is addition polymer? Give example?
46. What is condensation polymer? Give example?
47. What is copolymer? Give example?
48. How can you differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization?
49. What is Ziegler Natta catalyst?
50. What is vulcanization of rubber?
51. What is PHBV? How is it useful to man?
52. What is a protein? Give an example?
53. What are fibrous proteins? Give example?
54. Why is glycogen? How is it different from starch?
55. What is essential and non-essential amino acids? Give example for each?
56.Differentiate between globular and fibrous proteins.
57.What are antacids? Give example.                         58.What are antihistamines? Give example.
59.What are tranquilizers? Give example.                  60.What are analgesics? How are they classified.
61.What are antimicrobials?                                        62.What are antibiotic? Give example.
63.What are artificial sweetening agents? Give example.
64.Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?   65.What are food preservatives? Give example?
66.Writs the structure of the following (i) 2 choloro-3-methylpentane.                                                           
 (ii) 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
67.Which of the following has highest dipole moment CHC  , CHC  and CC
68.What are ambident nucleophiles    
69.What  type of isomerism is exhibited by o, m and p-cholobenzes.
70.What are enantiomers?
71.Explain why ethylamine is soluble in water where as aniline is not soluble.
72.Give structures of ABC in the reactions  ----------A-----------B---------

Ø  Excellence is not a skill it’s an attitude

Ø  I do not believe in taking the right decision, I take a decision and make it right

Ø  Keep your face always toward the sunshine - and shadows will fall behind you.

Ø  Live your everyday extraordinary

Ø  Don’t run after him who tries to avoid you..!



2 comments: